What is Humulene (α-Humulene)?
Humulene (α-Humulene) (C₁₅H₂₄) is a terpene found in cannabis, hops (Humulus lupulus), ginseng and coriander. In cannabis, it contributes to the characteristic aroma and may modulate pharmacological effects through the proposed entourage effect.
Aroma: Earthy, woody, spicy — the characteristic hop aroma in beer.
Pharmacological Properties
Sesquiterpene with demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of TNF-α and IL-1β. Appetite-suppressing effects in animal models (opposite of THC). Anti-tumour properties observed in vitro. Found in both cannabis and hops — the basis for similar aroma profiles between hop varieties and cannabis cultivars.
Relevance in Cannabis
Typically 1–15% of total terpenes in cannabis. Co-occurs commonly with beta-caryophyllene (both sesquiterpenes). The hops-cannabis terpene overlap has driven collaboration between craft brewery and cannabis cultivation.
GMP and Manufacturing Relevance
Include in sesquiterpene profiling. GC-MS methods covering the C15 sesquiterpene fraction alongside C10 monoterpenes will detect humulene and beta-caryophyllene. As a sesquiterpene, humulene has lower volatility than monoterpenes and is somewhat better preserved during extraction.
Analytical Measurement
Terpene profiling is performed by headspace GC-MS or GC-FID. Validated methods should achieve quantitative separation of key terpenes. Where terpene content is a product specification parameter, the analytical method must be validated under ICH Q2(R1).
See the Cannabis Glossary for definitions of related cultivation, extraction and quality terms.
References
- Fernandes ES et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-humulene. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007.
- Rogerio AP et al. Alpha-humulene in airways allergic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol. 2009.